Pat the cubed chuck roast very dry with paper towels and toss with ½ teaspoon salt and the black pepper. Dice the onion, slice the carrots and celery, mince the garlic, cube the potatoes, and cut the green beans, keeping the potatoes separate from the green beans and corn.
Heat 1 tablespoon olive oil in the Dutch oven over medium-high heat until shimmering. Sear half the beef in a single layer, untouched for 3 minutes, then turn and cook 3 to 4 minutes more until browned; transfer to a bowl and sear the second batch in the rendered fat.
Reduce heat to medium, add the remaining olive oil, onion, carrots, celery, and remaining ½ teaspoon salt, and cook 6 to 8 minutes until the onion is translucent. Stir in the garlic for 30 seconds, then add the tomato paste and cook 1 to 2 minutes until brick red.
Pour in 1 cup broth and scrape up every browned bit, then add the remaining 7 cups broth, diced tomatoes, Worcestershire sauce, bay leaves, and thyme. Return the beef and its juices to the pot, bring to a boil, then reduce heat to low, partially cover, and simmer gently for 1 hour.
Stir in the cubed potatoes, making sure they are submerged, and simmer partially covered for 15 minutes until they start to soften but still hold a firm center.
Stir in the green beans and frozen corn, return to a gentle simmer, and cook for 10 minutes, testing the beef, a potato cube, and a green bean and simmering longer if any is still firm.
Discard the bay leaves, skim excess fat from the surface with a ladle, and season with salt and pepper to taste. Ladle into bowls, sprinkle with parsley, and serve hot.