Remove stems and seeds from the guajillo and ancho chiles, then toast them in a dry skillet over medium heat for 30 to 45 seconds per side until fragrant. Transfer to a heatproof bowl, cover with boiling water, and soak for 20 to 25 minutes until soft; reserve 1 cup (240 ml) of soaking liquid.
Pat the pork cubes completely dry, season all sides with salt and pepper, then sear in 1 tablespoon of hot vegetable oil in a Dutch oven over medium-high heat for 3 to 4 minutes per side until deeply golden brown, working in batches to avoid crowding. Transfer browned pork to a plate and set aside.
Reduce heat to medium and add the chopped onion to the same pot, cooking for 4 to 5 minutes until softened and golden. Add the garlic cloves and cook for 1 more minute, stirring constantly, until fragrant.
Add the drained soaked chiles, sautéed onion and garlic, fire-roasted tomatoes, cumin, oregano, smoked paprika, cinnamon, and 1/2 cup (120 ml) of reserved chile soaking liquid to a blender and blend on high for 60 seconds until completely smooth. Strain through a fine mesh strainer into a bowl, pressing on the solids to extract all the sauce; discard solids.
Return the Dutch oven to medium-high heat, pour in the strained chile sauce, and cook stirring frequently for 3 to 4 minutes until the sauce deepens in color and flavor. This step is essential for developing the stew's rich, complex taste.
Pour in the chicken broth, add the apple cider vinegar and bay leaves, then return the browned pork and any juices to the pot. Bring to a boil, reduce to low, cover slightly ajar, and simmer for 2 to 2.5 hours, stirring every 30 minutes, until the pork is completely fork-tender.
If using hominy, stir it into the stew during the last 20 minutes of cooking. Remove and discard the bay leaves, then taste and adjust seasoning with salt and a splash more apple cider vinegar if desired.
Ladle the stew into warm bowls and top with fresh cilantro, sliced radishes, diced white onion, and a generous squeeze of fresh lime juice. Serve with warm tortillas on the side.