Set the Dutch oven over medium heat and add the chopped bacon. Cook, stirring now and then, for 6 to 8 minutes until crisp and the fat has rendered.
Lift the bacon out with a slotted spoon and set it on a paper-towel-lined plate. Leave the drippings in the pot.
Pat the chicken pieces dry and season lightly with salt and pepper. Raise the heat to medium-high and add the chicken to the bacon fat in a single layer.
Sear for 4 to 5 minutes, turning once, just until golden on the outside. It does not need to cook through here.
Transfer the chicken to a plate and set it aside.
Lower the heat to medium and add the butter to the pot. Once it melts, add the onion, celery, and carrots.
Cook for 5 to 6 minutes, stirring often, until the onion turns translucent and the vegetables soften. Add the garlic and stir for about 30 seconds, until fragrant.
Sprinkle the flour over the vegetables. Stir constantly for 1 to 2 minutes so the flour cooks and loses its raw taste. The mixture will look thick and paste-like.
Pour in the chicken broth a splash at a time, whisking after each addition to keep the base smooth.
Add the diced potatoes, corn, thyme, smoked paprika, and bay leaf. Return the seared chicken and any juices on the plate to the pot.
Bring the chowder to a gentle boil, then reduce the heat to low. Simmer, partially covered, for 15 to 18 minutes, until the potatoes are fork-tender and the chicken is cooked through. Stir occasionally so nothing sticks to the bottom.
Lower the heat so the chowder is barely steaming, not boiling. Stir in the heavy cream and the shredded cheddar a handful at a time, letting each handful melt before adding more.
Keep the heat gentle here. Boiling after the dairy goes in is what makes a chowder break.
Remove and discard the bay leaf. Taste and adjust with salt and pepper.
Ladle into bowls and top each one with the reserved crisp bacon and a scatter of fresh parsley.