Preheat oven to 400°F (200°C). Line a 12-cup muffin pan with paper liners or grease with nonstick spray.
In a small bowl, stir together brown sugar, flour, and cinnamon. Pour in melted butter and stir with a fork until the mixture looks like wet sand and clumps when pressed. Refrigerate while you make the batter.
In a large bowl, whisk together flour, granulated sugar, brown sugar, baking powder, baking soda, salt, and cinnamon until fully distributed with no clumps.
In a medium bowl, whisk melted butter and eggs until smooth. Add sour cream, milk, and vanilla, and whisk until pale and slightly thickened.
Pour wet mixture into dry ingredients. Using a rubber spatula, fold together just until no dry streaks remain. Do not overmix.
In a small bowl, toss blueberries with 1 tablespoon of flour until coated. Add floured blueberries and diced peaches to the batter. Fold gently with 8-10 turns until fruit is evenly distributed.
Using a cookie scoop, divide batter evenly among 12 muffin cups, filling each about three-quarters full. Sprinkle chilled streusel generously over each cup, pressing down lightly. Sprinkle with turbinado sugar if using.
Bake at 400°F for 5 minutes. Without opening the oven, reduce temperature to 375°F and continue baking for 15-17 minutes, until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean or with a few moist crumbs.
Let muffins cool in the pan for 5 minutes on a wire rack. Run a thin knife around the edge if any streusel has stuck. Transfer muffins to the rack to cool for at least 10 more minutes before serving.