Bring a medium saucepan of water to a rolling boil, then lower 6 large eggs in gently with a slotted spoon. For a soft, jammy center cook for exactly 6 minutes; for a fully set yolk cook 8–9 minutes.
Transfer eggs immediately to a large bowl of ice water and let rest for 10 minutes to stop the cooking. Peel gently under cold running water, then pat each egg completely dry with paper towels — moisture will prevent the turkey from adhering.
In a mixing bowl, combine the ground turkey with garlic powder, onion powder, smoked paprika, thyme, sage, salt, black pepper, and cayenne (if using); mix until just combined, being careful not to overwork. Divide into 6 equal portions of about 2.5 oz (70g) each.
Set out three shallow bowls in order: all-purpose flour in the first, the beaten raw egg in the second, and panko breadcrumbs in the third. Having one clean hand for dry steps and one for the egg wash keeps the process tidy.
Press one turkey portion between two sheets of plastic wrap into a flat disk about 4–5 inches (10–12 cm) wide, place a peeled egg in the center, and fold the turkey up and around to fully encase it with no gaps. Roll gently between your palms to smooth the surface, then repeat with the remaining eggs.
Roll each turkey-wrapped egg in flour (shake off excess), dip in the beaten egg wash, then roll in panko breadcrumbs, pressing gently so the crumbs adhere evenly all over. Patch any bare spots with a dab of egg wash and a pinch of panko.
Preheat your air fryer to 375°F (190°C) for 3–5 minutes. Lightly spray the basket with olive oil cooking spray.
Place the breaded eggs in a single layer in the basket without crowding, mist the tops with olive oil spray, and air fry for 12–14 minutes at 375°F (190°C), flipping carefully with tongs at the 7-minute mark. The turkey must reach an internal temperature of 165°F (74°C) — check with a meat thermometer.
Let the Scotch eggs rest for 2–3 minutes after cooking, then slice each in half lengthwise with a sharp knife to reveal the yolk. Arrange cut-side up on a serving platter and serve with honey mustard, Dijon mayo, or sriracha mayo.